Opportunities and challenges in applying the 3Rs to zoos and aquariums
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Opportunities and challenges in applying the 3Rs to zoos and aquariums. / Brando, Sabrina; Gjerris, Mickey.
In: Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, Vol. 35, No. 4, 18, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Opportunities and challenges in applying the 3Rs to zoos and aquariums
AU - Brando, Sabrina
AU - Gjerris, Mickey
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Since Russell and Burch (1959) suggested the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) as a foundation for animal research, their influence has only grown in the research community. In this paper, we discuss whether the 3Rs can be constructively used as a prism to analyse decisions regarding the welfare of animals housed in zoos and aquariums (henceforth "zoo animals"). We analyse opportunities and challenges for each of the three Rs when applied to zoo animals. We discuss the following reasons to consider the use of the 3Rs in relation to zoo animals: (1) there are similarities between motivations for housing animals in zoos and using them in research that are ethically relevant to consider; (2) the professional zoo community has committed to progress towards evidence-based best practice models to ensure and enhance the welfare of animals housed in zoos; and (3) there is a growing public concern regarding the welfare of zoo animals which can, to some extent, be met by viewing current practices through the prism of the 3Rs.
AB - Since Russell and Burch (1959) suggested the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) as a foundation for animal research, their influence has only grown in the research community. In this paper, we discuss whether the 3Rs can be constructively used as a prism to analyse decisions regarding the welfare of animals housed in zoos and aquariums (henceforth "zoo animals"). We analyse opportunities and challenges for each of the three Rs when applied to zoo animals. We discuss the following reasons to consider the use of the 3Rs in relation to zoo animals: (1) there are similarities between motivations for housing animals in zoos and using them in research that are ethically relevant to consider; (2) the professional zoo community has committed to progress towards evidence-based best practice models to ensure and enhance the welfare of animals housed in zoos; and (3) there is a growing public concern regarding the welfare of zoo animals which can, to some extent, be met by viewing current practices through the prism of the 3Rs.
KW - 3Rs
KW - Zoo
KW - Aquarium
KW - Animal welfare
KW - Animal care
KW - ANIMAL-WELFARE
KW - WILDLIFE
KW - BEHAVIOR
KW - CONSERVATION
KW - RESPONSES
KW - SCIENCE
KW - STRESS
U2 - 10.1007/s10806-022-09892-5
DO - 10.1007/s10806-022-09892-5
M3 - Journal article
VL - 35
JO - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
JF - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
SN - 1187-7863
IS - 4
M1 - 18
ER -
ID: 321277532