TY - JOUR

T1 - The sustainability of trade in wild plants - A data-integration approach tested on critically endangered Nardostachys jatamansi

AU - Smith-Hall, Carsten

AU - Pyakurel, Dipesh

AU - Meilby, Henrik

AU - Pouliot, Mariève

AU - Ghimire, Puspa L.

AU - Ghimire, Suresh

AU - Madsen, Sofia T.

AU - Paneru, Yagya R.

AU - Subedi, Bhishma P.

AU - Timoshyna, Anastasiya

AU - Treue, Thorsten

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 PNAS Nexus. All rights reserved.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - While the demand for many products from wild-harvested plants is growing rapidly, the sustainability of the associated plant trade remains poorly understood and understudied. We integrate ecological and trade data to advance sustainability assessments, using the critically endangered Nardostachys jatamansi in Nepal to exemplify the approach and illustrate the conservation policy gains. Through spatial distribution modeling and structured interviews with traders, wholesalers, and processors, we upscale district-level trade data to provincial and national levels and compare traded amounts to three sustainable harvest scenarios derived from stock and yield data in published inventories and population ecology studies. We find increased trade levels and unsustainable harvesting focused in specific subnational geographical locations. Data reported in government records and to CITES did not reflect estimated trade levels and could not be used to assess sustainability. Our results suggest that changing harvesting practices to promote regeneration would allow country-wide higher levels of sustainable harvests, simultaneously promoting species conservation and continued trade of substantial economic importance to harvesters and downstream actors in the production network. The approach can be applied to other plant species, with indication that quick and low-cost proxies to species distribution modeling may provide acceptable sustainability estimates at aggregated spatial levels.

AB - While the demand for many products from wild-harvested plants is growing rapidly, the sustainability of the associated plant trade remains poorly understood and understudied. We integrate ecological and trade data to advance sustainability assessments, using the critically endangered Nardostachys jatamansi in Nepal to exemplify the approach and illustrate the conservation policy gains. Through spatial distribution modeling and structured interviews with traders, wholesalers, and processors, we upscale district-level trade data to provincial and national levels and compare traded amounts to three sustainable harvest scenarios derived from stock and yield data in published inventories and population ecology studies. We find increased trade levels and unsustainable harvesting focused in specific subnational geographical locations. Data reported in government records and to CITES did not reflect estimated trade levels and could not be used to assess sustainability. Our results suggest that changing harvesting practices to promote regeneration would allow country-wide higher levels of sustainable harvests, simultaneously promoting species conservation and continued trade of substantial economic importance to harvesters and downstream actors in the production network. The approach can be applied to other plant species, with indication that quick and low-cost proxies to species distribution modeling may provide acceptable sustainability estimates at aggregated spatial levels.

KW - commercial harvesting

KW - conservation policy

KW - environmental products

KW - Himalaya

KW - illegal wildlife trade

U2 - 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad328

DO - 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad328

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37954162

AN - SCOPUS:85177818492

VL - 2

JO - PNAS Nexus

JF - PNAS Nexus

SN - 2752-6542

IS - 11

M1 - 2

ER -